Унапређивање хемијске писмености ученика основних школа кроз контекстуални приступ обради наставне јединице Алкани

Катарина Б. Путица, Иновациони центар Хемијског факултета у Београду, Београд, Србија, имејл: puticakatarina@gmail.com
Лидија Р. Ралевић, Универзитет у Београду, Хемијски факултет, Београд, Србија

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DOI: 10.5937/inovacije2201091P

Резиме: Органска хемија представља есенцијални део свакодневног живота, али претходна истраживања указују да традиционална настава органске хемије, фокусирана на трансмисију академских знања, недовољно подстиче развој ученичке хемијске писмености у овој области. Будући да контекстуални приступ настави има потенцијал да унапреди научну писменост, ради поређења ефективности поменута два наставна приступа у погледу развоја хемијске писмености ученика основних школа у области органске хемије, спроведен је педагошки експеримент са паралелним групама. Експеримент је организован у оквиру обраде наставне јединице Алкани и у њему је учествовало 148 ученика осмог разреда основне школе (76 ученика у експерименталној и 72 ученика у контролној групи). Кроз обраду градива о алканима ученици развијају хемијску писменост, која је у вези са структуром и номенклатуром ових једињења, њиховим физичким и хемијским својствима, те нафтом и нафтним дериватима као изворима енергије, али и загађивачима животне средине. Након обраде поменуте наставне јединице експериментална група је остварила статистички значајно већи укупан проценат тачних одговора на тесту, којим је проверена развијеност ученичке хемијске писмености о алканима на сва три њена нивоа (знање, примена и резоновање), што указује да би контекстуални приступ настави могао значајно да унапреди хемијску писменост ученика основних школа у области органске хемије.

Кључне речи: хемијска писменост, органска хемија, контекстуални приступ настави, ученици основних школа.

Abstract: Organic chemistry represents an essential part of everyday life, but previous research indicates that traditional organic chemistry teaching, which focuses on the transmission of academic content, insufficiently promotes the development of pupils’ chemical literacy in this field. Since context-based teaching approach has the potential to improve scientific literacy, in order to compare the effectiveness of the aforementioned teaching approaches in terms of developing elementary school pupils’ chemical literacy in the field of organic chemistry, a pedagogical experiment with parallel groups was conducted. The experiment was organized within the elaboration of the teaching unit Alkanes and it encompassed 148 eighth-grade elementary school pupils (76 pupils in the experimental and 72 pupils in the control group). Through the elaboration of the content about alkanes, pupils develop chemical literacy in regard to the structure and nomenclature of these compounds, their physical and chemical properties and oil and its derivatives as energy sources, as well as environmental pollutants. Upon the elaboration of the abovementioned teaching unit, the experimental group achieved a significantly higher overall percentage of correct answers on the test that checked the development of pupils’ chemical literacy in regard to alkanes on all three levels (knowledge, application and reasoning), which implies that context-based teaching approach could significantly enhance elementary school pupils’ chemical literacy, in the field of organic chemistry.

Keywords: chemical literacy, organic chemistry, context-based teaching approach, elementary school pupils.

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